Sawubona, ingabe uvamise ukuzwa amagama athi ukulayisha kwesiqukathi esigcwele (FCL) nangaphansi komthwalo wesitsha (LCL) ebhizinisini lokungenisa?
NjengomdalaI-ejenti yokusiza yaseChina, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokujulile nokuxhumana ngempumelelo imiqondo ye-FCL ne-LCL.Njengomongo wezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kuwumongo wezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe.I-FCL ne-LCL bamele amasu amabili ahlukene okuthutha impahla.Ukuhlolisisa lezi zindlela zombili kuhilela amasu ebhizinisi okunciphisa izindleko, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende.Ngokumba sijule kulezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhamba, singanikeza amakhasimende kangcono izixazululo zendlela yokwenza izinto futhi sizuze imiphumela ephezulu yokungenisa.
1. Incazelo ye-FCL ne-LCL
A. FCL
(1) Incazelo: Kusho ukuthi izimpahla zanele ukugcwalisa isitsha esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi umnikazi wezimpahla ezisesitsheni ngumuntu ofanayo.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Kubalwa ngokusekelwe kuso sonke isiqukathi.
B. LCL
(1) Incazelo: Ibhekisela ezimpahleni ezinabanikazi abaningi esitsheni, esisebenza ezimeni lapho inani lezimpahla lilincane.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Kubalwa ngokusekelwe kuma-cubic metres, isiqukathi sidinga ukwabelwa abanye abangenisa impahla ngaphandle.
2. Ukuqhathaniswa Phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL
| Isici | FCL | I-LCL |
| Isikhathi sokuthumela | okufanayo | Kubandakanya umsebenzi onjengokuhlanganisa, ukuhlela, nokupakisha, ngokuvamile okudinga isikhathi esengeziwe |
| Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko | Ngokuvamile iphansi kune-LCL | Ngokuvamile yinde kunebhokisi eligcwele futhi ifaka umsebenzi omningi |
| Umthamo wezimpahla | Isebenza emthwalweni enevolumu enkulu kuno-15 cubic metres. | Ifanele impahla engaphansi kuka-15 cubic metres |
| Umkhawulo wesisindo se-Cargo | Iyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwempahla kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo | Iyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwempahla kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo |
| Indlela yokubala izindleko zokuthumela | Kunqunywa inkampani yokuthumela, efaka umthamo nesisindo somthwalo | Inqunywa inkampani yokuthumela, ibalwa ngokusekelwe ku-cubic metres wempahla |
| B/L | Ungacela i-MBL (Master B/L) noma i-HBL (Indlu B/L) | Ungathola kuphela i-HBL |
| Umehluko ezinqubweni zokusebenza phakathi kwembobo yendabuko kanye nechweba lendawo | Abathengi badinga ibhokisi bese bethumela umkhiqizo ethekwini | Umthengi udinga ukuthumela izimpahla endaweni yokugcina impahla eqondiwe, futhi umthumeli wempahla uzosingatha ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla. |
Qaphela: I-MBL (I-Master B/L) iyi-master bill of lading, ekhishwe inkampani yokuthumela, eqopha izimpahla kuso sonke isiqukathi.I-HBL (House B/L) ibhili yomthwalo ehlukanisiwe, ekhishwe umthumeli wempahla, eqopha imininingwane yempahla ye-LCL.
phansi kwefomu
Kokubili i-FCL ne-LCL zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi, futhi ukukhetha kuncike ezicini ezifana nevolumu yempahla, izindleko, ukuphepha, izici zempahla, nesikhathi sokuthutha.
Uma ucabangela izidingo zakho zokuthumela, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL kungasiza ukugwema ukukhokha izinkokhelo ezengeziwe.
3. Izincomo zamasu e-FCL kanye ne-LCL Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezihlukene
A. Kunconyiwe Ukusebenzisa i-FCL:
(1) Ivolumu yempahla enkulu: Uma isamba sevolumu yomthwalo mkhulu kuno-15 cubic metres, ngokuvamile ukonga futhi kuphumelela kakhulu ukukhetha ezokuthutha ze-FCL.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla azihlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala nokudideka.
(2) Ukuzwela kwesikhathi: Uma udinga ukuthi izimpahla zifike endaweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, i-FCL ivamise ukushesha kune-LCL.Izimpahla zesitsha esigcwele zingalethwa ngokuqondile zisuka endaweni yokulayisha ziye endaweni ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlela nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi endaweni.
(3) Ukukhethekile kwezimpahla: Kwezinye izimpahla ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile, njengalezo ezintekenteke, ezintekenteke, futhi ezinezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo, ezokuthutha ze-FCL zinganikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono nokulawula izimo zemvelo.
(4) Ukonga izindleko: Uma impahla inkulu futhi isabelomali sivuma, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukonga kakhulu.Kwezinye izimo, izindleko ze-FCL zingahle zibe phansi futhi izindleko ezengeziwe zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL zingagwenywa.
B. Izimo Lapho Kunconywa khona Ukusebenzisa i-LCL:
(1) Ivolumu yempahla encane: Uma umthamo wempahla ungaphansi kwama-cubic metres ayi-15, i-LCL ivamise ukukhetha ukonga kakhulu.Gwema ukukhokhela isiqukathi sonke futhi kunalokho ukhokhe ngokusekelwe kumthamo wangempela wempahla yakho.
(2) Izidingo zokuvumelana nezimo: I-LCL inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inani lezimpahla lilincane noma linganele ukugcwalisa isiqukathi sonke.Ungabelana ngeziqukathi nabanye abangenisi, ngaleyo ndlela wehlise izindleko zokuthumela.
(3) Ungajahi isikhathi: Izinto zokuhamba ze-LCL ngokuvamile zithatha isikhathi esiningi ngoba zihilela i-LCL, ukuhlunga, ukupakisha kanye nomunye umsebenzi.Uma isikhathi singeyona into, ungakhetha inketho yokuhambisa ye-LCL eyonga kakhulu.
(4) Izimpahla ziyahlakazwa: Uma izimpahla zivela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene baseShayina, ziyizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene futhi zidinga ukuhlungwa lapho kuthunyelwa khona.Isibonelo, thenga kubahlinzeki abaningiYiwu market, i-LCL iyisinqumo esifaneleka kakhudlwana.Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kanye nesikhathi sokuhlunga endaweni oya kuyo.
Sekukonke, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-FCL noma i-LCL kuncike emininingwaneni yokuthunyelwa nezidingo zebhizinisi ngalinye.Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo, kunconywa ukuthi ube nokubonisana okuningiliziwe nomthumeli wezimpahla noma othembekileI-ejenti yokuhlonza yaseShayinaukuqinisekisa ukuthi wenza ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zakho.Siyakwamukela kuXhumana nathi, singanikeza isevisi engcono kakhulu yokumisa eyodwa!
4. Amanothi Neziphakamiso
Thola ulwazi losayizi womkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sezindleko zokuthumela nezinzuzo.
Khetha phakathi kwe-FCL noma i-LCL ezimeni ezahlukene futhi wenze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngokusekelwe kumthamo wempahla, izindleko kanye nokuphuthuma.
Ngokuqukethwe ngenhla, abafundi bangaba nokuqonda okujulile kwalezi zindlela ezimbili zokuthutha impahla.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
UMB: Ngiqhuba ibhizinisi elincane lemikhiqizo kagesi.Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe ezokuthutha ze-FCL noma i-LCL?
A: Uma i-oda lakho lomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi lilikhulu, lingaphezu kwama-cubic metres ayi-15, kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okukhulu kwempahla futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthutha.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kunikeza izikhathi zokuthumela ezisheshayo, okuyenza ifanele amabhizinisi azwela izikhathi zokulethwa.
Q: Nginamasampuli nama-oda ama-batch amancane, ingabe ilungele ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Kumasampuli nama-oda amancane enqwaba, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungase kube inketho yokonga kakhulu.Ungakwazi ukwabelana ngesitsha nabanye abangenisa impahla ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela usabalalise izindleko zokuthumela.Ikakhulukazi uma inani lezimpahla lilincane kodwa lisadinga ukuhanjiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuyinketho eguquguqukayo futhi engabizi kakhulu.
Q: Ibhizinisi lami lokudla okusha lidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zifika ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.Ingabe i-LCL ifanelekile?
IMP: Ezimpahleni ezizwela isikhathi ezifana nokudla okusha, ezokuthutha ze-FCL zingase zifaneleke kakhulu.Izinto zokuhamba ze-FCL zinganciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala echwebeni futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucutshungulwa okusheshayo nokulethwa kwezimpahla.Lokhu kubalulekile emabhizinisini adinga ukugcina izimpahla zawo zizintsha.
Q: Yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe engingabhekana nazo zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
I: Izindleko ezengeziwe ezingase zibandakanyeke kwezokuthutha ze-LCL zifaka izimali zesevisi yechweba, izinkokhelo zesevisi ye-ejensi, izimali ze-oda lokulethwa, izinkokhelo zokuphatha ukuphela, njll. Lezi zindleko zingahluka ngokuya ngendawo okuyiwa kuyo, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, udinga ukuqonda konke. izindleko ezengeziwe ezingaba khona ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sengqikithi yezindleko zokuthumela.
Q: Izimpahla zami zidinga ukucutshungulwa lapho ngiya khona.Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL?
IMP: Uma izimpahla zakho zidinga ukucutshungulwa noma zihlungwe endaweni oya kuyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungase kubandakanye imisebenzi eyengeziwe nesikhathi.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvamise ukuba kuqonde kakhudlwana, ngomkhiqizo opakishwa umthengi bese uthunyelwa ethekwini, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungase kudinge ukuthi izimpahla zithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina impahla egadwa ngokwezifiso kanye nomdluliseli wezimpahla ukuze asingathe i-LCL, okungeza izinyathelo ezengeziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-01-2024