Molo, ngaba uye uve imiqathango yomthwalo ogcweleyo wezikhongozeli (FCL) kwaye ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli (LCL) kwishishini lokungenisa elizweni?
NjengomdalaI-arhente yokukhangela yaseTshayina, kubalulekile ukuqonda nzulu kunye nokunxibelelana ngempumelelo iikhonsepthi zeFCL kunye neLCL.Njengondoqo wolungiselelo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthumela ngenqanawa ngundoqo wolungiselelo lwamazwe ngamazwe.I-FCL kunye ne-LCL zimele iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zothutho lwempahla.Ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwezi ndlela zombini kubandakanya izicwangciso zoshishino zokunciphisa iindleko, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.Ngokugrumba nzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zothutho, sinokubonelela ngakumbi abathengi ngezisombululo zolungiselelo olulungiselelweyo kunye nokufezekisa iziphumo eziphezulu zokungenisa elizweni.
1. Inkcazo ye-FCL kunye ne-LCL
A. FCL
(1) Ingcaciso: Kuthetha ukuba iimpahla zanele ukuzalisa isikhongozeli esinye okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye umnini wempahla ekwisikhongozeli ikwangumntu omnye.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Kubalwa ngokusekwe kwisingxobo sonke.
B. LCL
(1) Ingcaciso: Ibhekisa kwimpahla enabanikazi abaninzi kwisikhongozeli, esisebenza kwiimeko apho ubungakanani bempahla buncinci.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Kubalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-cubic metres, i-container kufuneka kwabelwane ngayo nabanye abarhwebi.
2. Ukuthelekiswa phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL
| Umba | FCL | LCL |
| Ixesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa | efanayo | Ubandakanya umsebenzi onjengokwenza amaqela, ukuhlela, nokupakisha, nto leyo edla ngokufuna ixesha elingakumbi |
| Ukuthelekisa iindleko | Ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphantsi kune-LCL | Ngokuqhelekileyo ubude kunebhokisi epheleleyo kwaye kubandakanya umsebenzi omninzi |
| Umthamo wempahla | Isebenza kwimpahla enomthamo omkhulu kune-15 cubic metres | Ifanele imithwalo engaphantsi kwe-15 cubic metres |
| Umda wobunzima be-Cargo | Iyahluka ngokohlobo lomthwalo kunye nelizwe ekusingwa kulo | Iyahluka ngokohlobo lomthwalo kunye nelizwe ekusingwa kulo |
| Indlela yokubala iindleko zokuthumela | Igqitywe yinkampani yokuthumela, ebandakanya umthamo kunye nobunzima bomthwalo | Igqitywe yinkampani yokuthumela, ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-cubic metres yempahla |
| B/L | Ungacela iMBL (Master B/L) okanye iHBL (iNdlu B/L) | Unokufumana kuphela i-HBL |
| Umahluko kwiinkqubo zokusebenza phakathi kwezibuko lemvelaphi kunye nezibuko lendawo | Abathengi kufuneka bafake ibhokisi kwaye bathumele imveliso kwizibuko | Umthengi kufuneka athumele iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina ulongamelo lwamasiko, kwaye umthumeli wempahla uya kusingatha ukudityaniswa kwempahla. |
Qaphela: I-MBL (i-Master B / L) yi-master bill of lading, ekhutshwe yinkampani yokuthumela, ukurekhoda iimpahla kwisitya sonke.I-HBL (iNdlu ye-B / L) yi-bill ye-lading bill, ekhutshwe ngumthumeli wempahla, ukurekhoda iinkcukacha ze-LCL.
emazantsi efom
Zombini i-FCL kunye ne-LCL zineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungonakali, kwaye ukhetho luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nomthamo wempahla, iindleko, ukhuseleko, iimpawu zempahla, kunye nexesha lokuthutha.
Xa uqwalasela iimfuno zakho zokuthumela ngenqanawa, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL kunokunceda ukuphepha ukuhlawula imali eyongezelelweyo.
3. Iingcebiso zeFCL kunye ne-LCL Strategies phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo
A. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iFCL:
(1) Umthamo omkhulu wempahla: Xa umthamo opheleleyo womthwalo ungaphezu kwe-15 cubic metres, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqoqosho kwaye kusebenza kakuhle ukukhetha ukuthutha kweFCL.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla azihlukaniswanga ngexesha lokuthutha, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo kunye nokudideka.
(2) Ixesha elibukhali: Ukuba ufuna iimpahla zifike kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngokukhawuleza, i-FCL idla ngokukhawuleza kune-LCL.Impahla yesikhongozelo esigcweleyo inokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwindawo yokulayisha ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumisa nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
(3) Ubukhethekileyo bempahla: Kwimpahla ethile eneempawu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezo zibuthathaka, ezinobuthathaka, kwaye zineemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo, ukuthuthwa kweFCL kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kunye nokulawulwa kweemeko zokusingqongileyo.
(4) Ukugcinwa kweendleko: Xa imithwalo inkulu kwaye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luvumela, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ngokuqhelekileyo kunoqoqosho.Kwezinye iimeko, iindleko ze-FCL zinokuba ziphantsi kwaye iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL zinokuphetshwa.
B. Iimeko apho kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-LCL:
(1) Umthamo wempahla encinci: Ukuba umthamo wempahla ungaphantsi kwe-15 cubic metres, i-LCL idla ngokukhethwa kwezoqoqosho.Kuphephe ukuhlawulela isikhongozeli siphela kwaye endaweni yoko uhlawule ngokusekwe kumthamo wempahla yakho.
(2) Iimfuno zokuguquguquka: i-LCL ibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu, ngakumbi xa ubuninzi bempahla buncinci okanye bunganelanga ukuzalisa isitya sonke.Ungabelana ngezikhongozeli nabanye abarhwebi, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.
(3) Musa ukungxamela ixesha: Uthutho lwe-LCL ludla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakumbi kuba lubandakanya i-LCL, ukuhlela, ukupakisha kunye nomnye umsebenzi.Ukuba ixesha ayisiyonto, unokukhetha ukhetho lokuthumela ngenqanawa lwe-LCL.
(4) Iimpahla zisasazwa: Xa iimpahla zivela kubanikezeli abahlukeneyo baseTshayina, zintlobo ngeentlobo kwaye kufuneka zihlelwe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.Umzekelo, thenga kubaboneleli abaninzi kwiYiwu imakethi, LCL lukhetho olufanelekileyo ngakumbi.Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ugcino kunye nexesha lokuhlela kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
Ngokubanzi, ukhetho phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL luxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zokuthunyelwa kunye neemfuno zeshishini ngalinye.Ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neenkcukacha kunye nomthumeli wempahla okanye umntu othembekileyoUmthengisi waseTshayinaukuqinisekisa ukuba wenza olona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.Wamkelekile kwiQhagamshelana nathi, sinokubonelela ngeyona nkonzo yokumisa enye!
4. Amanqaku kunye neengcebiso
Fumana ulwazi lobungakanani bemveliso phambi kokuthenga ukuze ufumane uqikelelo oluchaneke ngakumbi lweendleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa kunye nenzuzo.
Khetha phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye wenze izigqibo zobulumko ngokusekelwe kumthamo wempahla, iindleko kunye nokukhawuleza.
Ngomxholo ongentla, abafundi banokuba nokuqonda okunzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zothutho lwempahla.
5. FAQ
Umbuzo: Ndiqhuba ishishini elincinci leemveliso zombane.Ngaba ndifanele ndikhethe i-FCL okanye i-LCL yokuhamba?
A: Ukuba umyalelo wakho wemveliso ye-elektroniki mkhulu, ngaphezu kwe-15 cubic metres, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL.Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhulu lwempahla kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo onokwenzeka ngexesha lothutho.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kukwabonelela ngamaxesha okuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza, okwenza ukuba afaneleke amashishini anovakalelo kumaxesha okuhanjiswa.
Umbuzo: Ndineesampuli kunye nee-odolo ezincinci zebhetshi, ngaba ifanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Kwiisampuli kunye ne-odolo yebhetshi encinci, ukuhanjiswa kwe-LCL kunokuba lukhetho lwezoqoqosho.Ungabelana ngesikhongozeli nabanye abarhwebi, ngaloo ndlela usasaza iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.Ngokukodwa xa ubungakanani bempahla buncinci kodwa kusafuneka buthuthwe kumazwe ngamazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuyindlela eguquguqukayo kunye neyonga iindleko.
Umbuzo: Ishishini lam lokutya okutsha kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zifika ngelona xesha lifutshane.Ngaba i-LCL ifanelekile?
IMPENDULO: Kwimpahla ethatha ixesha njengokutya okutsha, uthutho lweFCL lunokufaneleka ngakumbi.Ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kwizibuko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla.Oku kubalulekile kumashishini ekufuneka agcine iimpahla zawo zintsha.
Q: Zeziphi iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo endinokujamelana nazo ngokuthunyelwa nge-LCL?
A: Iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke kwizothutho ze-LCL ziquka iimali zenkonzo ye-port, iimali zenkonzo ye-arhente, iimali zomyalelo wokuhanjiswa, iintlawulo zokuphatha i-terminal, njl. Ezi ntlawulo zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo ekuyiyo, ngoko xa ukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, kufuneka uqonde konke. iintlawulo ezinokwenzeka ezongezelelweyo ukufumana uqikelelo oluchaneke ngakumbi lwexabiso lokuthumela ngenqanawa.
Umbuzo: Impahla yam kufuneka ilungiswe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL?
A: Ukuba iimpahla zakho zifuna ukusetyenzwa okanye zilungiswe kwindawo oya kuyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokubandakanya imisebenzi emininzi kunye nexesha.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi, kunye nemveliso epakishwe ngumthengi kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-port, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokufuna ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla elawulwa ngamasiko kunye nomthumeli wempahla ukusingatha i-LCL, yongeza amanye amanyathelo angaphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-01-2024