Pankhani yothina panyanja ndi mayendedwe apamlengalenga, njanji ya Yiwu kupita ku Madrid yakhala chisankho cha anthu ochulukirachulukira.Ndi njanji yachisanu ndi chiwiri yolumikiza China ndi Europe ndipo ndi gawo la New Silk Road.
1. Chidule cha njira yochokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid
Sitima yapamtunda ya Yiwu kupita ku Madrid idatsegulidwa pa Novembara 18, 2014, ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 13,052, yomwe ndi njira yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Njirayo imachoka ku Yiwu China, idutsa Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France, ndipo pamapeto pake imakafika ku Madrid, Spain.Ili ndi zotengera zokwana 41, zimatha kunyamula zotengera 82, ndipo kutalika kwake kumapitilira 550 metres.
Chaka chilichonse, njira ya Yiwu kupita ku Madrid imanyamula zinthu pafupifupi 2,000 kuphatikizapo zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku, zovala, katundu, zida za hardware, ndi zinthu zamagetsi kuchokera ku Yiwu kupita ku mayiko omwe ali m'njira.Zogulitsa zomwe zimachoka ku Madrid ndizo makamaka zaulimi, kuphatikizapo mafuta a azitona, nyama, vinyo wofiira, nyama ya nkhumba, zinthu zosamalira khungu, ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.Ngati mukufuna kuitanitsa mosavuta mitundu yonse yazinthu kuchokera ku China, ndiye kuti kupeza katswiri waku China wopezera ndalama ndiye chisankho chanu chabwino.
2. Chifukwa chiyani musankhe Yiwu ndi Madrid ngati malo oyambira ndi omaliza
Monga tonse tikudziwa, Yiwu ndi malo ogulitsa ku China, ali ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wazinthu zazing'ono.60% ya zokongoletsera za Khrisimasi padziko lapansi zimachokera ku Yiwu.Ilinso imodzi mwamalo ogulira zoseweretsa ndi nsalu, zinthu zamagetsi ndi zida zamagalimoto, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala pakugula pakati.Kuphatikiza apo, a Yiwu aluso ogwira ntchito zotumiza amatha kukupatsirani zabwino zambiri.Mwachitsanzo, voliyumu ya chidebe ndi 40 kiyubiki mita.M'malo ena, ogwira ntchito amatha kunyamula katundu wofika ma kiyubiki mita 40.Ku Yiwu, ogwira ntchito ndi aluso amatha kunyamula katundu wokwana 43 kapena 45 cubic metres.
Kumapeto kwa njira, Madrid Spain, ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha chuma kunja Chinese malonda kuthandiza kotunga sitimayi.Ochuluka okwana 1.445 miliyoni amalonda aku Zhejiang akumayiko akunja amaudziwa bwino msika wa Yiwu ndipo ndiwofunika kwambiri pakugulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa msika wa Yiwu.Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mwazinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika waku Spain zikuchokera ku Yiwu.Madrid imadziwikanso kuti European Commodity Center.
China ndiye bwenzi lalikulu la Spain pazamalonda ndi zachuma ku Asia, komanso ndi komwe amapitako ku Spain komwe amatumiza kunja kuderali.Sankhani Yiwu ndi Madrid ngati malo oyambira ndi omalizira kuti mulumikizane bwino msika waukulu kwambiri wapadziko lonse wamalonda ndi malo ogulitsa zinthu ku Europe.
3. Kupambana komanso kufunikira kwa njira yochokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid
Yiwu kupita ku Madrid Railway ndi chonyamulira chofunikira komanso nsanja ya "Belt and Road".Kuphatikiza pa kulimbikitsa kwambiri malonda ogulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja pakati pa Yiwu ndi maiko omwe ali m'mphepete mwa njira, imawonekeranso ngati "njira yobiriwira" pabwalo ladziko lonse lolimbana ndi miliri.Njira yobiriwira yobiriwira imathandizira kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa magalimoto, kufulumizitsa kuchotsedwa kwa kasitomu, kuchepetsa njira zololeza mayendedwe, komanso kutenga gawo lalikulu pakunyamula katundu wamankhwala ndi katundu wina kupita ku Spain.
Kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi 2021, China idatumiza matani 12,524 azinthu zolimbana ndi mliri kumayiko aku Europe pa sitima yapamtunda.Mu 2020, Yiwu inagwira masitima onyamula katundu 1,399 ku China-Europe kudzera munjira yonyamula katundu yolumikiza Xinjiang kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China ndi Europe, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 165%.
4. Ubwino wa Yiwu kupita ku Madrid njira
1. Nthawi Yake: Zimangotenga masiku a 21 kuti mupite mwachindunji ku Madrid, Spain, ndi chilolezo chofulumira cha kasitomu, ndipo chilolezo cha kasitomu chimatha kutha mkati mwa 1 mpaka 2 masiku ogwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri.Panyanja, nthawi zambiri zimatenga masabata 6 kuti afike.
2. Mtengo: Pamtengo, ndi wokwera pang'ono kuposa katundu wapanyanja, koma ndi pafupifupi 2/3 yotsika mtengo kuposa yonyamula ndege.
3. Kukhazikika: Mayendedwe apanyanja amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo panjira zapanyanja, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosayembekezereka.Zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo madoko, zingayambitse kuchedwa kwa katundu.China-Europe Express masitima apamtunda amatha kuthetsa vutoli.
4. Kusinthasintha kwautumiki wapamwamba: China-Europe Express imapereka ntchito ya khomo ndi khomo kudutsa EU, komanso FCL ndi LCL, katundu wapamwamba komanso woopsa, ndipo amavomereza mitundu yambiri ya katundu kuposa nyanja ndi mpweya.Ndizoyenera kwambiri kunyamula zinthu zamtengo wapatali zamafakitale monga zida zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamakompyuta.Ndizoyeneranso zotsatsira komanso zotsatsa zam'nyengo zomwe zikuyenera kufika komwe zikupita posachedwa.
5. Wokonda zachilengedwe, wocheperako kuipitsa.
6. Mayendedwe a njanji ndi okhazikika komanso okwanira, ndipo kayendedwe ka mayendedwe ndi kafupi.Poyerekeza ndi zotengera za m'nyanja, zomwe "ndizovuta kuzipeza", zoyendetsa ndege ndi "fuse", ndipo zoyendera njanji zimatha kuwongolera nthawi.Yiwu ku Madrid imakhala ndi 1 mpaka 2 pa sabata, ndipo Madrid kupita ku Yiwu imakhala ndi gawo limodzi pamwezi.
7. Ikhoza kuonjezera kusankha kwa chakudya.Chifukwa njira ya Yiwu-Madrid imadutsa m'maiko ambiri, ndikosavuta kugula zinthu zapadera kuchokera kumayikowa.
Zindikirani: Chifukwa cha ma geji osagwirizana, katunduyo amayenera kutumizidwa maulendo atatu paulendo.Ma locomotives ayeneranso kusinthidwa ma kilomita 500 aliwonse.Sitimayo inasintha katatu panjira chifukwa cha ma geji osiyanasiyana ku China, Europe ndi Russia.Kusamutsa kwa chidebe chilichonse kumangotenga mphindi imodzi.
Kuthamanga kwa chilolezo cha kasitomu ku China-Europe Express ndikothamanga kwambiri kuposa kunyamula katundu wam'nyanja, koma momwemonso, muyenera kupereka zidziwitso zachilolezo:
1. Railway waybill, chikalata chonyamula katundu choperekedwa ndi wonyamula njanji.
2. Katundu wazolongedza mndandanda
3. Kope limodzi la mgwirizano
4. Invoice
5. Zikalata zolengezetsa Customs (matchulidwe/mndandanda wazonyamula)
6. Kope limodzi la mphamvu ya woyimira mlandu wofunsira ntchito
Zotsatirazi ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kuthamanga kwa chilolezo cha kasitomu:
1. Mukamaliza kukonza zidziwitso zofananira ndi kasitomu, lekani kudzaza otumiza ndikukolola moona mtima
2. Zomwe zili m'ndandanda wazolongedza sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili panjira
(Kuphatikiza: wotumiza, wotumiza, doko lonyamula, doko lopita / kutsitsa, chizindikiro ndi nambala yagawo, dzina la katundu ndi code ya kasitomu, kuchuluka kwa zidutswa, kulemera, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu umodzi, ndi zina zambiri.)
3. Katundu wagwidwa
4. Mu katunduyo muli zinthu zoletsedwa
(A, zinthu za IT monga mafoni am'manja ndi makompyuta
(B, zovala, nsapato ndi zipewa
(C, magalimoto ndi zina
(D. Grain, vinyo, nyemba za khofi
(E, zinthu, mipando
(F, mankhwala, makina ndi zida, etc.
Ngati misonkho ndi zolipiritsa zachitika, ziyenera kulipidwa munthawi yake.Apo ayi, katunduyo sanganyamulidwe ndipo amafunika kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukonzedwa panthawi yake.Mutha kutsimikiziranso ngati ntchito zamisonkho ndi zolipirira zikuphatikizidwa pomwe wotumiza katundu yemwe wapatsidwa ali woyenera.
Kunena zoona, makampani akuluakulu otumiza katundu amakhala ndi ntchito zotsimikizika, koma makampani ang'onoang'ono otumiza katundu alinso ndi zabwino zake.Zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri.Izi zimatengera kusankha kwanu.Mutha kusankha kuchokera pamayendedwe ndimayendedwe.Ndipo kuthekera kwachilolezo ndi mtengo kumaganiziridwa m'njira zambiri.
Kuyika bwino ndikofunikira kuti katundu atetezeke
Kenako, gawani molingana ndi katundu wa makatoni, katundu wamabokosi, ndi katundu wapadera
Ndakonza zonyamula katundu zonyamula katundu kudzera mu masitima apamtunda aku China-Europe Express.
1. Muyezo wapa katoni:
1. Palibe mapindikidwe, palibe kuwonongeka, ndipo palibe kutseguka mu malamulo makatoni;
2. Katoni ilibe chinyezi kapena chinyezi;
3. Palibe kuipitsa kapena mafuta kunja kwa katoni;
4. Katoni yosindikizidwa kwathunthu;
5. Katoni imalembedwa momveka bwino, kusonyeza mtundu wa katundu ndi zofunikira zonyamula;
2. Kulongedza katundu wamtengo wapallet wamatabwa:
1. Sitimayi ilibe miyendo, kusinthika, kuwonongeka, kunyowa, ndi zina zotero;
2. Palibe kuwonongeka, kutayikira, kuipitsidwa kwamafuta, etc. kunja;
3. Kulemera kwa katundu wothandizira pansi kumaposa kulemera kwa katundu;
4. Kupaka kunja ndi chithandizo chapansi kapena katunduyo amalimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi kudzidalira;
5. Katunduyo ndi wosindikizidwa kwathunthu;
6. Kuyika koyenera kwa katundu wamkati, kulimbitsa bwino, ndikupewa kugwedezeka m'mapaketi;
7. Mtundu wa katunduyo udzawonetsedwa pabokosi lamatabwa kapena pallet, kuphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:
1) Malire pa kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi kulemera kwake;
2) Malo apakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya katundu;
3) Kulemera ndi kukula kwa katundu;
4) Kaya ndi yofooka, etc.;
5) Chizindikiritso chowopsa cha katundu.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira kuti ngati kuyika mabokosi amatabwa ndi pallets sikuli koyenerera, zimakhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa.Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha kuperekedwa kwa mankhwala, ndiyeno kunyamulidwa ndi kunyamulidwa ngati ili yoyenera.
3. Katundu wonenepa kwambiri (katundu wolemera matani 5) kulongedza ndi kulongedza zofunika
1. Thandizo la pansi pa katundu limagwiritsa ntchito njira zinayi, ndipo phallet yonyamula katundu imakwaniritsa zofunikira za kulemera kwa chidebe (kuthekera kwakukulu kwa chidebe cha 40-foot ndi 1 tani mita lalikulu, ndi mphamvu yokwanira yonyamula katundu. wa 20-foot chidebe pansi ndi matani 2/square mita);
2. Mphamvu ya ma CD akunja ndi yokwanira kuthandizira kunyamula katundu ndi kutsitsa (kutsitsa ndi crane ndi bandeji) ndi kulongedza zofunikira.
3. Mphamvu ya pallet ndi yokwanira kuthandizira kulemera kwa katundu, ndipo zingwe zamatabwa sizidzathyoledwa panthawi yotsitsa ndi kunyamula.
4. Pansi pa phale ndi lathyathyathya ndipo mulibe zomangira, mtedza kapena mbali zina zotuluka kuti musawononge chidebecho.
5. Kuyika kwa katundu kumayenderana ndi ma phukusi a matabwa ndi pallet katundu.
Zindikirani: Ngati kuyika kwa katunduyo kuli kofooka kapena sikungasunthike, muyenera kudzaza mfundozo moona mtima mukasungitsa kuti mupewe kutayika kwa katundu chifukwa cha zovuta zamapaketi.Kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamapaketi kudzanyamulidwa ndi wotumiza.
6. Za ife
Ndife kampani yopangira zinthu ku China Yiwu, China, yomwe ili ndi zaka 23 komanso kudziwa msika wonse waku China.Perekani ntchito yabwino yoyimitsa kamodzi kuti ikuthandizireni kuyambira pogula mpaka kutumiza.Takulandirani kuti mutithandize.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-14-2021